Mathematics
The Story of Our Numerals, the decimal system, laws of operations, long multiplication and division, fractions, and the passage to abstraction -- mathematical thinking from concrete to abstract.
Great Story for Mathematics
The Story of Our Numerals -- the 5th Great Story of how humans developed a system to express quantity.
The Decimal System
Wooden hierarchy, large bead frame, numeration, and laws of numbers.
Basic Operations
Counting, addition, subtraction -- foundational work with whole numbers and memorization of facts.
Laws for Multiplication
Commutative and distributive laws explored with bead bars and number cards.
Long Multiplication
Checkerboard, large bead frame, bank game, and flat bead frame -- multi-digit multiplication.
Long Division
Racks and tubes, test tube division -- multi-digit division with increasing abstraction.
Fractions
Fraction circles, equivalence, operations -- a deep exploration of parts and wholes.
Squaring and Cubing
Squares and cubes of numbers, square roots, and cube roots -- algebraic preparation.